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Objective To analyze the type and gene features of 11 unverified HAdVs in China. Methods We downloaded HAdV genome sequences of 67 strains with clear genotypes and the HAdV reference genome sequences of 7 strains from GenBank database, analyzed them together with eleven unverified HAdV gene sequences and classified the species of each sequence based on the genetic structure, sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis. Results Phylogenetic analysis results predicted the classification of six sequences: two of them belonged to HAdV-B and two belonged to HAdV-D (the gene homology were 97.8% and 92.8% in comparison with reference gene respectively), the rest of two sequences were not conclusive. Multiple sequence alignment was used to predict the species of five HAdVs. All of them belonged to species HAdV-B, the sequence similarity compared with reference gene was 97.9%. Conclusion Genotyping of the unverified HAdV genome from a genetic point of view predicts that seven strains might belong to species HAdV-B, two strains might belong to species HAdV-D and two strains could not be classified. The seven HAdV-B strains might be suitable for the treatment of osteosarcoma as oncolytic adenovirus.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relative expression of the genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis in different tissues including roots, stems, leaves and flowers of Artemisia annua, and establish the relationship between gene expression and artemisinin accumulation, eventually leading to discover the mainly effective genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The 7 functional genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis were detected at the level of expression by using qRT-PCR, and simultaneously the content of artemisinin in the 4 investigated tissues was detected in parallel.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The 3 genes including HMGR, DXR and FPS which were involved in the upstream pathway of artemisinin biosynthesis showed the highest expression levels in flowers, and the 4 functional genes including ADS, CYP71AV1, CPR and AAR which were involved in the artemisinin-specific biosynthetic pathway were found to be expressed in all the 4 detected tissues. The highest expression level of ADS was found in leaves, then followed by flowers, and the lowest expression level of ADS was found in roots and stems. CYP71AV1 had highest expression level in flowers and lowest in leaves. CPR showed highest expression level in flowers, and AAR had lower expression levels in the other 3 artemisinin-specific pathway genes in all the tissues. The highest content of artemisinin was found in leaves (0.343 mg x g(-1)), then followed by flowers (0.152 mg x g(-1)), roots (0.062 mg x g(-1)) and stems (0.060 mg x g(-1)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the biosynthesis of artemisinin, the upstream genes including HMGR from the MVA pathway, DXR from the MEP pathway and the checkpoint gene FPS were much more active in flowers, and this suggested that flowers might be the tissues of artemisinin precursor biosynthesis, and further DXR contributed more to artemisinin biosynthesis. The positive correlation of ADS expression and artemisinin content in tissues demonstrated that ADS played a very important role in artemisinin biosynthesis, which was the ideal target for engineering the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. In summary, the functional genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis do not express at the same level but synergistically.</p>
Subject(s)
Artemisia annua , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Artemisinins , Metabolism , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the relation of heart rate variability (HRV) in neonatal asphyxia with myocardial injury.MethodsContinuous electrocardiographic monitoring by 24-hour Holter recordings was performed in 53 neonates with asphyxia and 40 healthy newborn.The difference of HRV with sinus rhythm was analyzed.Time-domain indexs included standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) ; standard deviation of all mean 5-minute R-R intervals (SDANN) ;standard deviation of all R-R intervals for all 5-minute segments of 24 hours (SDNNindex ) ;root mean squared successive difference (rMSSD) ;percent of NN50 in the total number R-R intervals ( PNN50 ).Results( 1 ) Maximum heart rate,minimum heart rate and average heart rate of 24-hour Holter in healthy newborn were faster than those in newborn with neonatal asphyxia ( P ＜ 0.05 ).And the heart rate was faster in newborn with mild neonatal asphyxia than that in newborn with serious neonatal asphyxia ( P ＜ 0.05 ).(2) SDNN,SDANN of HRV index analysis showed significantly difference between healthy newborn and asphyxia newhom ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no difference of SDNN,SDANN,SDNNindex,rMSSD and PNN50 between mild and serious neonatal asphyxia (P ＞ 0.05 ).No significant differences of SDNNindex,rMSSD and PNN50 were found among three groups.ConclusionMyocardial injury caused by neonatal asphyxia can lead to damage of cardiac autonomic nevous and affect heart rate changes.The degree of myocardial injury is related to the degree of neonatal asphyxia.